Socket activation (sometimes known as systemd socket activation)
allows an Internet superserver to pass a pre-opened listening socket
to the process, instead of having qemu-nbd open a socket itself.  This
is done via the LISTEN_FDS and LISTEN_PID environment variables, and a
standard file descriptor range.

This change partially implements socket activation for qemu-nbd.  If
the environment variables are set correctly, then socket activation
will happen automatically, otherwise everything works as before.  The
limitation is that LISTEN_FDS must be 1.

Signed-off-by: Richard W.M. Jones.
---
 qemu-nbd.c | 174 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 162 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/qemu-nbd.c b/qemu-nbd.c
index c734f62..bfa52c3 100644
--- a/qemu-nbd.c
+++ b/qemu-nbd.c
@@ -386,9 +386,9 @@ static void nbd_update_server_watch(void)
 }
 
 
-static SocketAddress *nbd_build_socket_address(const char *sockpath,
-                                               const char *bindto,
-                                               const char *port)
+static SocketAddress *nbd_build_socket_fd(const char *sockpath,
+                                          const char *bindto,
+                                          const char *port)
 {
     SocketAddress *saddr;
 
@@ -463,6 +463,131 @@ static QCryptoTLSCreds *nbd_get_tls_creds(const char *id, Error **errp)
     return creds;
 }
 
+static void setup_address_and_port(const char **address, const char **port)
+{
+    if (*address == NULL) {
+        *address = "0.0.0.0";
+    }
+
+    if (*port == NULL) {
+        *port = g_strdup_printf("%d", NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);;
+    }
+}
+
+#define FIRST_SOCKET_ACTIVATION_FD 3 /* defined by systemd ABI */
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+/*
+ * Check if socket activation was requested via use of the
+ * LISTEN_FDS and LISTEN_PID environment variables.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if no socket activation, or the number of FDs.
+ */
+static unsigned int check_socket_activation(void)
+{
+    const char *s;
+    unsigned int pid;
+    unsigned int nr_fds;
+    unsigned int i;
+    int fd;
+
+    s = getenv("LISTEN_PID");
+    if (s == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (sscanf(s, "%u", &pid) != 1) {
+        if (verbose) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "malformed %s environment variable (ignored)\n",
+                    "LISTEN_PID");
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (pid != getpid()) {
+        if (verbose) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s was not for us (ignored)\n",
+                    "LISTEN_PID");
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    s = getenv("LISTEN_FDS");
+    if (s == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (sscanf(s, "%u", &nr_fds) != 1) {
+        if (verbose) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "malformed %s environment variable (ignored)\n",
+                    "LISTEN_FDS");
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* A limitation of current qemu-nbd is that it can only listen on
+     * a single socket.  When that limitation is lifted, we can change
+     * this function to allow LISTEN_FDS > 1, and remove the assertion
+     * in the main function below.
+     */
+    if (nr_fds > 1) {
+        error_report("qemu-nbd does not support socket activation with %s > 1",
+                     "LISTEN_FDS");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    /* So these are not passed to any child processes we might start. */
+    unsetenv("LISTEN_FDS");
+    unsetenv("LISTEN_PID");
+
+    /* So the file descriptors don't leak into child processes. */
+    for (i = 0; i < nr_fds; ++i) {
+        fd = FIRST_SOCKET_ACTIVATION_FD + i;
+        if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
+            /* If we cannot set FD_CLOEXEC then it probably means the file
+             * descriptor is invalid, so socket activation has gone wrong
+             * and we should exit.
+             */
+            error_report("Socket activation failed: "
+                         "invalid file descriptor fd = %d: %m",
+                         fd);
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return nr_fds;
+}
+
+#else /* !_WIN32 */
+static unsigned int check_socket_activation(void)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Check socket parameters compatibility when socket activation is used.
+ */
+static const char *socket_activation_validate_opts(const char *device,
+                                                   const char *sockpath,
+                                                   const char *address,
+                                                   const char *port)
+{
+    if (device != NULL) {
+        return "NBD device can't be set when using socket activation";
+    }
+
+    if (sockpath != NULL) {
+        return "Unix socket can't be set when using socket activation";
+    }
+
+    if (address != NULL) {
+        return "The interface can't be set when using socket activation";
+    }
+
+    if (port != NULL) {
+        return "TCP port number can't be set when using socket activation";
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -471,7 +596,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     off_t dev_offset = 0;
     uint16_t nbdflags = 0;
     bool disconnect = false;
-    const char *bindto = "0.0.0.0";
+    const char *bindto = NULL;
     const char *port = NULL;
     char *sockpath = NULL;
     char *device = NULL;
@@ -533,6 +658,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     char *trace_file = NULL;
     bool fork_process = false;
     int old_stderr = -1;
+    unsigned socket_activation;
 
     /* The client thread uses SIGTERM to interrupt the server.  A signal
      * handler ensures that "qemu-nbd -v -c" exits with a nice status code.
@@ -751,6 +877,19 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     trace_init_file(trace_file);
     qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE);
 
+    socket_activation = check_socket_activation();
+    if (socket_activation == 0) {
+        setup_address_and_port(&bindto, &port);
+    } else {
+        /* Using socket activation - check user didn't use -p etc. */
+        const char *err_msg = socket_activation_validate_opts(device, sockpath,
+                                                              bindto, port);
+        if (err_msg != NULL) {
+            error_report("%s", err_msg);
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+    }
+
     if (tlscredsid) {
         if (sockpath) {
             error_report("TLS is only supported with IPv4/IPv6");
@@ -855,7 +994,25 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
         snprintf(sockpath, 128, SOCKET_PATH, basename(device));
     }
 
-    saddr = nbd_build_socket_address(sockpath, bindto, port);
+    if (socket_activation == 0) {
+        server_ioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
+        saddr = nbd_build_socket_fd(sockpath, bindto, port);
+        if (qio_channel_socket_listen_sync(server_ioc, saddr, &local_err) < 0) {
+            object_unref(OBJECT(server_ioc));
+            error_report_err(local_err);
+            return 1;
+        }
+    } else {
+        /* See comment in check_socket_activation above. */
+        assert(socket_activation == 1);
+        server_ioc = qio_channel_socket_new_fd(FIRST_SOCKET_ACTIVATION_FD,
+                                               &local_err);
+        if (server_ioc == NULL) {
+            error_report("Failed to use socket activation: %s",
+                         error_get_pretty(local_err));
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+    }
 
     if (qemu_init_main_loop(&local_err)) {
         error_report_err(local_err);
@@ -950,13 +1107,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }
 
-    server_ioc = qio_channel_socket_new();
-    if (qio_channel_socket_listen_sync(server_ioc, saddr, &local_err) < 0) {
-        object_unref(OBJECT(server_ioc));
-        error_report_err(local_err);
-        return 1;
-    }
-
     if (device) {
         int ret;
 
-- 
2.10.2

On Thu, Feb 02, 2017 at 02:51:59PM +0000, Richard W.M. Jones wrote:
> Socket activation (sometimes known as systemd socket activation)
> allows an Internet superserver to pass a pre-opened listening socket
> to the process, instead of having qemu-nbd open a socket itself.  This
> is done via the LISTEN_FDS and LISTEN_PID environment variables, and a
> standard file descriptor range.
> 
> This change partially implements socket activation for qemu-nbd.  If
> the environment variables are set correctly, then socket activation
> will happen automatically, otherwise everything works as before.  The
> limitation is that LISTEN_FDS must be 1.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Richard W.M. Jones.
> ---
>  qemu-nbd.c | 174 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
>  1 file changed, 162 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/qemu-nbd.c b/qemu-nbd.c
> index c734f62..bfa52c3 100644
> --- a/qemu-nbd.c
> +++ b/qemu-nbd.c
> @@ -386,9 +386,9 @@ static void nbd_update_server_watch(void)
>  }
>  
>  
> -static SocketAddress *nbd_build_socket_address(const char *sockpath,
> -                                               const char *bindto,
> -                                               const char *port)
> +static SocketAddress *nbd_build_socket_fd(const char *sockpath,
> +                                          const char *bindto,
> +                                          const char *port)

I don't think this needs renaming - its still returning an address
rather than an FD

>  {
>      SocketAddress *saddr;
>  
> @@ -463,6 +463,131 @@ static QCryptoTLSCreds *nbd_get_tls_creds(const char *id, Error **errp)
>      return creds;
>  }
>  
> +static void setup_address_and_port(const char **address, const char **port)
> +{
> +    if (*address == NULL) {
> +        *address = "0.0.0.0";
> +    }
> +
> +    if (*port == NULL) {
> +        *port = g_strdup_printf("%d", NBD_DEFAULT_PORT);;
> +    }
> +}
> +
> +#define FIRST_SOCKET_ACTIVATION_FD 3 /* defined by systemd ABI */
> +
> +#ifndef _WIN32
> +/*
> + * Check if socket activation was requested via use of the
> + * LISTEN_FDS and LISTEN_PID environment variables.
> + *
> + * Returns 0 if no socket activation, or the number of FDs.
> + */
> +static unsigned int check_socket_activation(void)
> +{
> +    const char *s;
> +    unsigned int pid;
> +    unsigned int nr_fds;
> +    unsigned int i;
> +    int fd;
> +
> +    s = getenv("LISTEN_PID");
> +    if (s == NULL) {
> +        return 0;
> +    }
> +    if (sscanf(s, "%u", &pid) != 1) {

IIRC qemu_strtoul would be preferred for this.

> +        if (verbose) {
> +            fprintf(stderr, "malformed %s environment variable (ignored)\n",
> +                    "LISTEN_PID");
> +        }
> +        return 0;
> +    }
> +    if (pid != getpid()) {
> +        if (verbose) {
> +            fprintf(stderr, "%s was not for us (ignored)\n",
> +                    "LISTEN_PID");
> +        }
> +        return 0;
> +    }
> +
> +    s = getenv("LISTEN_FDS");
> +    if (s == NULL) {
> +        return 0;
> +    }
> +    if (sscanf(s, "%u", &nr_fds) != 1) {

And this.

> +        if (verbose) {
> +            fprintf(stderr, "malformed %s environment variable (ignored)\n",
> +                    "LISTEN_FDS");
> +        }
> +        return 0;
> +    }
> +
> +    /* A limitation of current qemu-nbd is that it can only listen on
> +     * a single socket.  When that limitation is lifted, we can change
> +     * this function to allow LISTEN_FDS > 1, and remove the assertion
> +     * in the main function below.
> +     */
> +    if (nr_fds > 1) {
> +        error_report("qemu-nbd does not support socket activation with %s > 1",
> +                     "LISTEN_FDS");
> +        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> +    }
> +
> +    /* So these are not passed to any child processes we might start. */
> +    unsetenv("LISTEN_FDS");
> +    unsetenv("LISTEN_PID");
> +
> +    /* So the file descriptors don't leak into child processes. */
> +    for (i = 0; i < nr_fds; ++i) {
> +        fd = FIRST_SOCKET_ACTIVATION_FD + i;
> +        if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
> +            /* If we cannot set FD_CLOEXEC then it probably means the file
> +             * descriptor is invalid, so socket activation has gone wrong
> +             * and we should exit.
> +             */
> +            error_report("Socket activation failed: "
> +                         "invalid file descriptor fd = %d: %m",
> +                         fd);
> +            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> +        }
> +    }
> +
> +    return nr_fds;
> +}
> +
> +#else /* !_WIN32 */
> +static unsigned int check_socket_activation(void)
> +{
> +    return 0;
> +}
> +#endif

Regards,
Daniel
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